---
title: How Does VNS Help With Epilepsy | Knowledge Hub | Byond Healthcare
description: tVNS was found to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment, and it may be particularly useful for people who do not respond well to other forms of epilepsy treatment.
---

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# How does VNS help with epilepsy?

Epilepsy was the first and the most studied VNS research topic;

tVNS was found to be a safe and well-tolerated treatment, and it may be particularly useful for people who do not respond well to other forms of epilepsy treatment ([Yuan and Silberstein, 2016c](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26364805/)).

The vagus nerve is involved in the regulation of seizure activity and stimulating it has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in some people.

The anti-epileptic effect of VNS is proposed to occur through the desynchronization of neuronal activity, hippocampal plasticity, anti-inflammation, and modulation of neurotransmitter release.  While acute VNS may desynchronize aberrant electrical conduction, chronic VNS may act through complex neuromodulatory changes ([Yuan and Silberstein, 2016c](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26364805/)).

Long-term VNS reduces seizures through the modulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), serotonin, and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)([Yuan and Silberstein, 2016c](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26364805/)).

VNS increases extracellular hippocampal NE, which is a potential biomarker for the efficacy of VNS in temporal lobe epilepsy. The P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP),  is a biomarker for predicting VNS response in epilepsy, and reflects the phasic activity of the neuromodulatory LC-NE system ([Yuan and Silberstein, 2016c](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26364805/)).

In short, long-term VNS may exert anti-epileptic or even anti-epileptogenic effects primarily through modulation of the NST, LC, DRN, and many other regions, affecting their synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release ([Yuan and Silberstein, 2016a, 2016c](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26364805/)).

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